基于虚拟相位平面的相位展开方法

在基于相位分析的三维测量系统中,为了准确地得到物体的高度,相位展开扮演着很重要的角色。传统的相位展开方法常常需要额外的投影图,而傅里叶变换轮廓术只需要采集一幅或两幅变形条纹图就可以实现对物体轮廓的测量,其方法速度快,易于实现。针对傅里叶变换轮廓术方法计算得到的截断相位分布,本文提出了一种利用截断相位与参考平面相位差值2π的整数倍数获得截断相位的正确级次,辅助相位展开的方法。当被测物体较复杂,或者相位截断次数较多时,该方法在已有参考平面相位的基础上虚拟新的相位平面,依次比较截断相位和虚拟相位,进行多次分级相位展开,结合多个展开相位结果,最终得到正确的展开相位。该方法展开速度快,展开错误不会蔓延传递。仿真和实物实验结果证明了该方法的可行性,说明该方法可用于傅里叶变换轮廓术中进行截断相位的快速展开。     

Sudden Blocking of a Supercritical Open‐Channel Flow

This paper reports results of experiments in which a steadystate nonuniform supercritical openchannel flow was suddenly blocked by a rapidly falling gate at a downstream distance of about one hundred critical depths. This results in a hydraulic jump propagating upstream. Experimental data on the shape, height, and propagation speed of its leading front are given. It is shown that the parameters of the jump differ significantly from the values found using a quasistationary approach.     

飞行物体受瞬态荷载作用的精细逐步积分

当前的精细逐步积分方法不能直接处理具有刚体自由度结构的瞬态响应计算。本文就此提出了应对策略，仍然可用较大的步长而获得精确解答。     

Ultrasonic sizing of embedded vertical cracks in ferritic steel welds

Embedded vertical cracks are very often encountered in structural components necessitating reliable procedure for determining their size. Specialized ultrasonic techniques are required for estimation of through thickness height of these cracks [Mater. Eval. (1970) 28; J. NDI 26 (1977) 320; NND (1975) 146]. The conventional pulse-echo technique has serious limitations for quantitative estimation of vertical cracks because it is subject to variations due to reflectivity, coupling factors etc. The present study aims to improve the accuracy of embedded crack height measurement based on transit time rather than the reflected amplitude [NDT Int. (1982) 315; J. JSNDT 27 (1978) 118]. A unique method has been developed for generating known sizes of fatigue cracks ranging from 2.5 to 18 mm in height and 15 mm in length. These cracks were generated in rectangular steel specimens and subsequently embedded at predetermined locations using welding. These welded specimens containing the embedded vertical cracks were examined using ultrasonic techniques based on transit time like (a) flaw tip echo method and (b) mode conversion method. Using both the techniques excellent agreement was obtained between the estimated crack height and actual crack height with an accuracy of ±1 mm.     

煤层底板原位综合测试及突水危险性评估

在实施井下钻孔水压致裂地应力测量的同时,评价岩层阻水性能,确定导升带高度,做到一孔多用。测试区实际观测表明,泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、灰岩阻水性能由大到小,导升高度则由小变大,平均导升高度约32m; 地应力测量表明,该测试区原始地应力状态为SH＞Sv＞Sh,最大水平主应力方向NE至NEE。突水临界指数评价表明,-550m水平采煤工作面掘进时突水的可能性较大,应当采取防范措施。     

转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的实验研究及有限元分析

针对水力压裂过程中采用的人工应力遮挡控制缝高技术,通过室内物理模拟实验,在转向剂浓度一定的条件下考虑携带液与地层压差、渗流量、时间等因素,采用电测法对人工岩芯表面应变进行了测试;利用非线性有限元方法对裂缝尖端应力进行计算,研究了转向剂形成人工应力遮挡的作用效果。结果表明采用转向剂可以建立3~4MPa的人工应力遮档,对采用转向剂的压裂设计和施工参数提出了建议。     

任意高差的多档输电线动刚度理论建模

针对目前多档输电线动力特性研究中存在的不足,将任意一档导线视为子结构并基于现有的索振动理论获得了其动张力;利用相邻两档导线的动张力建立了悬垂绝缘子串绕其悬挂点摆动的动力学方程;综合每一档导线的振动方程以及悬垂绝缘子串的摆动方程建立了两档及三档输电线的动力学方程,求解得到由端部位移激励产生的动刚度;通过对动刚度进行分析得到了多档输电线的固有频率以及模态的理论表达形式;建立了小高差的两档及三档导线的有限元模型,理论分析结果与有限元结果一致,验证了理论公式的正确性。本文提出的动刚度理论对于研究多档输电线的动态响应具有重要的应用价值。     

First Experience in Using Microdensitometer “Scandig 3” — Joyce Loebl for Autoradiographs Evaluation

The Device is composed of the basic microdensitometer, the control computer, the magnetic tape unit, the teletype, the interface, and the software package.

This apparatus is designated for digitalization of image data point by point (system “flying spot”) and for their record on magnetic tape for further data processing. The software package makes possible to realize some basic evaluation only by using configuration mentioned above — for example recording of measured values, determination of numbers of occurrences particular optical density (histogram), tresholding and mapping of measured values.

This paper describes the instrument and its using for autoradiographs evaluating.     

A 1D Roe decomposition of a system of equations governing wave height transformation

A Roe‐type decomposition for a system of equations governing onshore/offshore wave transformation in coastal waters is derived. The equation set approximated pertains to coastal waters prior to wave breaking, and is based on depth‐averaging and time‐averaging of the Euler equations. The equations are those used in many commercial codes for simulation of wave height and wave‐averaged currents. This novel approach uses a combination of some standard Roe averages, together with physical reasoning and power series expansions to derive a Roe‐averaged Jacobian (with real, linearly independent eigenvectors) and ensures conservation, and thereby effects the decomposition. It is shown that the resulting derived Roe‐averaged quantities are accurate to a high degree, by comparing them with their analytical equivalents for a wide range of nondimensional water depths and slopes likely to be encountered in coastal problems. Numerical tests of time‐invariant wave height transformation and wave group propagation are undertaken; these indicate good performance of the scheme in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Characterization of the channel walls roughness in photonic crystal fibers

We present electron microscope (FEI NanoSEM) and atomic force microscopy measurements of surface roughness in nanochannels in photonic crystal fibers (PCF). A method was invented to cleave the PCF along the axis without damaging the surface structure in the nanochannels allowing us to characterize the morphology of the nanochannels in the PCF. A multi-wall carbon nanotube mounted onto commercial AFM probes and super sharp silicon non-contact mode AFM probes were used to characterize the wall roughness in the nanochannels. The roughness is shown to have a Gaussian distribution, and has an amplitude smaller than 0.5 nm. The height–height correlation function is an exponential correlation function with an autocorrelation length of 13 nm, and 27 nm corresponding with scan sizes of 200×100 nm², and 1600×200 nm², respectively.